Damage 是指损害,破坏,但不是特别紧急,还可以修复的那种,譬如:
Apart from hydropower projects, the earthquake damaged some power equipment manufacturers in Sichuan including Dongfang Electric in Hanwang in Deyang that was badly damaged when several buildings collapsed1, causing several hundred deaths.
除去水电站,地震还破坏了四川的一些供电设施工厂,德阳的东方电气受损紧急,几栋建筑物倒塌,数百人死亡。
Destroy 表示完全破坏,消灭,摧毁,夺去人的生命,被摧毁的物件不可以再用。譬如:
Disasters, such as the quake, that destroy lives somehow create a renewed sense of selfless compassion2.
像地震如此的灾害,夺去人的生命,也激起出大家的无私情感。
Devastate3 也是表示摧毁,破坏,它比destroy的威力还要大、涵盖的面还要广,destroy 一般限定于某一地、某事物或是人,而devastate 还可表示情感上,精神上也遭破坏,整个系统的完全溃败,譬如:
She was devastated4 by the loss of her mother.
妈妈的死击垮了她。
地震可以destroy大家,但不可以devastate大家。
Shatter 指粉碎,砸碎,毁坏,毁灭,譬如在地震中那些破碎的玻璃和房子:
All the glass and some of the buildings shattered when the earthquake hit the city.
地震来袭的时候,所有些玻璃都震碎了,一些建筑物也损毁了。
Level 和 flatten5 的意思差不多,都是表示受害很紧急,被夷为平地,譬如:
The quake leveled entire towns, flattening6 the simple adobe7, brick structures and leaving nothing but rubble8.
地震夷平了整个城镇,摧毁了浅易土坯房和砖结构建筑,只留下一片废墟。